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Eating Disorders

A Few Things to Know:

What causes eating disorders? Many people think eating disorders are all about body image -- for example, how magazines portray the female body -- but this might not always be so. Eating disorders might be caused by a crisis of confidence, a reaction to a terrible situation, repressed anger or fear, or perhaps a perception of lack of control. It's not uncommon for daughters with absent or inattentive fathers -- and/or distant or critical mothers -- to develop an eating disorder.

Tell them they're beautiful: Finally, we can't tell you how many times we've heard this: "Don't tell her she's beautiful! She'll start to believe it!" We think this attitude is incredibly destructive to a child's self-esteem. It's our gut feeling that all children - male or female - need affirmation of their attractiveness. If they don't receive it from their parents, they'll go looking for it elsewhere (often from all the wrong places). Your children shouldn't be told that that beauty is all that matters or that they must meet some societal ideal. But your children should be told -- frequently and sincerely -- that they are beautiful and worthwhile people to you.

Professional help: If you're dealing with a person suffering from an eating disorder, exhorting her or him to "Eat!" or to "Just eat properly!" probably won't work until underlying issues are dealt with. Often, these problems must be resolved at a family level and with professional help. Viewing any eating disorder -- whether over or under eating -- as an individual failing (or as an attack on you) might help you feel better, but it's unlikely to resolve the disorder.

Web sites that don't help: Beware of Web sites that encourage your child in self-destructive habits. There are several that promote eating disorders, for example, and it's easy for them to ensnare your children. Be very aware of what your children view over the Internet, and take immediate action if you see destructive Web sites showing up in the computer's viewing history.

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Possible Symptoms of an Eating Disorder:

Note: not all symptoms will be present with any one disorder. The symptoms for anorexia, bulimia, and compulsive over-eating are different from each other.

bulletCannot (or will not) maintain body weight at a minimally normal weight for person's height, age, and body type.
bulletDespite dramatic weight loss, person expresses intense fear of gaining weight or of being or feeling "fat."
bullet(Female) person experiences loss of menstrual periods, might experience loss of hair on head, or fine growth of body hair.
bulletHas fainting spells or heart tremors. Seems weak, cold, exhausted, or short of breath. Frequently has a cold or the flu. Skin seems pale, dry or brittle; eyes look dark and hollow. Experiences headaches and joint aches or cramps (from dehydration), or frequent sore throat (from purging).
bulletHas bad breath or noticeable body odor.
bulletConsistently expresses extreme concern with body weight and shape (for self and/or for family member).
bulletDisplays bizarre rituals with food (such as picking at food, chewing excessively, cutting food into tiny pieces, eating alone, eating strange combinations of foods or only a few foods, having a regimented way of eating, or dragging out meal times).
bulletFrequently gorges on large amounts of food -- but appears to maintain a reasonable or slightly below-average weight.
bulletAfter eating, person complains of nausea and disappears into the bathroom, then comes out feeling better. The bathroom might smell of vomit or diarrhea.
bulletHas dental problems such as staining, cavities, and/or deterioration of tooth enamel.
bulletExercises excessively, or refuses to eat for long periods of time.
bulletWeighs self continually.
bulletGoes through abnormal quantities of laxatives, diet pills or diet products. May leave behind empty boxes, cans, and food packages.
bulletRegularly shows signs of dehydration.
bulletSeems unable to listen to body signals on hunger. Either denies hunger, or appears out of control while eating (eating beyond the point of comfortable fullness).
bulletDiets continually without satisfaction.
bulletExpresses feelings of shame or self-hatred about body image. Might wear overly baggy clothing to hide self from the public.
bulletBecomes irritable, cross and over-emotional over inconsequential things. May withdraw socially.
bulletRefuses to eat in public or with members of the family; lies about food intake; always has an excuse to not eat (or to binge).
bulletHides food in secret places, and frequently eats out of sight of others.
bulletEats before meals.
bulletIs obsessed with food. Food and food issues consume a large portion of the person's daily existence. Might cook a great deal for others, watch food shows on television, and read recipes.
bulletSuffers from low self-esteem, feelings of lack of control, perfectionism, and/or depression.
bulletHas difficulty expressing emotions or desires; might suffer from repressed anxieties or anger.
bulletHas suffered sexual or physical abuse, neglect, or emotional and/or physical abandonment by one or both parents
bulletFamily relationships are troubled or they've gone through a major change (it's not uncommon for children with absent, critical or inattentive parents to develop an eating disorder).

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For More Information:

bullet Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - for updated pediatric growth charts
bulletFood Addicts in Recovery
bulletThe American Anorexia Bulimia Association
bulletOvereaters Anonymous
bullet National Eating Disorders Association
bulletAnorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc.
bulletNational Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders
bulletNational Eating Disorder Information Centre (Canada)
bullet Academy for Eating Disorders
bulletSomething Fishy Website on Eating Disorders
bulletAmerican Dietetic Association
bullet Medem - do a search under "Nutritional Needs of School-Age Children"
bullet National Network for Child Care - "Feeding Guide for the preschool child"
bullet Eating Disorder Referral and Information Center - provides information, treatment resources and referrals to treatment facilities and support groups. Referrals to eating disorder specialists are offered at no charge as a community service. Promotes "social attitudes that enhance a healthy body image and self-esteem."
bulletNational Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases - "Helping Your Overweight Child"
bulletKidsHealth - when too much exercise becomes unhealthy.
bullet KidsHealth - information for teens about Anorexia and Bulimia
bullet KidsHealth - information for teens about Binge Eating Disorder
bullet KidsHealth - "5 Ways to Spot a Fad Diet"
bullet KidsHealth - (written for teens) - "The Deal With Diets"
bullet KidsHealth - "Am I Too Fat or Too Thin?"
bullet KidsHealth - "I Think My Friend May Have an Eating Disorder. What Should I Do?"
bulletDads and Daughters
bulletShapedown - a family-based program that seeks to resolve underlying issues that can cause overeating in children. The program stresses problem-solving and family communication.
bulletTOPS (Take Off Pounds Sensibly) - nonprofit, noncommercial organization.
bullet American Obesity Association
bulletSafer Child Food Tips - suggestions on how to avoid making food the issue
bulletSafer Child Dehydration page - people with certain eating disorders can be at greater risk for dehydration
bulletSafer Child Communication Page
bulletSafer Child Sports & Fitness page
bullet Safer Child Mental Assistance page
bullet Fighting Obesity in Children (Surgeon General)
bullet Safer Child Thoughts on Dieting
bulletDoctor's Book of Food Remedies - by Selene Yeager, Prevention Health Books - This is an incredibly informative book on nutrition. It goes A-Z on various foods, medical conditions and necessary nutrients. If you know you should eat apples and spinach but you don't know why, this book is a great place to begin.

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Safer Child, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization with federal tax-exempt status. Please note: 1) External organizations listed herein do not necessarily endorse Safer Child positions, nor do we necessarily endorse theirs. We list them as a courtesy and aren't responsible for their accuracy, completeness or content. 2) We recommend you maintain a healthy skepticism when reviewing information on the Internet; it might appear to be reliable --  yet actually be false, misleading, incomplete, out-of-date and/or intentionally harmful. 3) There might be material on the Internet that you disagree with or find objectionable; preview all sites before viewing them with your child. 4) We are not responsible for external addresses/phone numbers changing without our knowledge. 5) The information and commentary on this site are not substitutes for professional advice from your doctor, lawyer, or mental health professional. 6) Requests for permission to republish, copy and/or distribute any material found on this Web site should be directed to Safer Child, Inc.

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